The text below was adapted from OpenStax Biology 30.3 We’ll look at each of these levels of plant organization in turn, and conclude with a discussion of how embryogenesis leads to development of a mature plant: The Root System The root system anchors the plant while absorbing water and minerals from the soil. The shoot system of a plant consists of leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits. The organ systems of a typical plant are illustrated below. The root system, which supports the plants and absorbs water and minerals, is usually underground. The shoot system generally grows above ground, where it absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis. The shoot system consists stems, leaves, and the reproductive parts of the plant (flowers and fruits). Vascular plants have two distinct organ systems: a shoot system, and a root system. The text below was adapted from OpenStax Biology 30.1 We will go through each of the organs, tissues, and cell types in greater detail below. Different cell types comprise each tissue type, and the structure of each cell type influences the function of the tissue it comprises. Each organ (roots, stems, and leaves) include all three tissue types (ground, vascular, and dermal). The stems and leaves together make up the shoot system. The relationships between plant organs, tissues, and cell types are illustrated below. Like animals, plants are multicellular eukaryotes whose bodies are composed of organs, tissues, and cells with highly specialized functions.
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